Pierre Seel, Outspoken Gay Concentration
Camp Survivor, Dies in France at Age 82
The Mémorial de la Déportation Homosexuelle, the French national group that commemorates the homosexual victims of the Nazis, has announced the death of Pierre Seel on Nov. 25, 2005, at age 82 in Toulouse, France. Mr. Seel was recognized internationally for his book, I, Pierre Seel, Deported Homosexual: A Memoir of Nazi Terror, released in French in 1994 and subsequently published in English, German and Spanish.
Mr. Seel was noted as the most outspoken of the gay survivors of Nazi persecution. Of some 200 men from the French region of Alsace-Lorraine sent to the concentration camps as homosexuals, he was the only one to recount his experience publicly.
His deeply moving book describes his suffering at the hands of the Nazis, his anguish in the decades after the war, and his ultimate emergence in old age as a dauntless activist demanding public and official acknowledgment for the forgotten homosexual victims of the Nazi regime.
As he recounts in I, Pierre Seel, Deported Homosexual, Mr. Seel was seized by the Nazis in 1941, at the age of 17, in his boyhood town of Mulhouse in Alsace because his name appeared on a list of suspected homosexuals complied by the local French police; the Nazis had invaded Alsace and annexed the territory in 1940, declaring it to be part of Germany and imposing Paragraph 175, the German law forbidding male homosexual behavior.
Mr. Seel was violently tortured by the SS, then sent to the Schirmeck-Vorbrück concentration camp. After six months of severe privation and brutality, Mr. Seel was released, only to be drafted into the German army and sent to the Russian Front.
Following the Second World War, Mr. Seel returned to France. As with many homosexuals at the time, he married and founded a family. For nearly four decades, he remained painfully silent about his experience under the Nazis. In 1982, with his children grown and with the French gay liberation movement well under way, Mr. Seel broke his silence. He spent the rest of his life calling for recognition for the victims of the Nazis' antihomosexual policies.
Historians estimate that the Nazi regime sent a total of 5,000 to 15,000 men from Germany and the annexed territories to concentration camps specifically on charges of homosexuality; the majority of those men perished before the liberation of the camps in 1945. With the death of Mr. Seel, only a handful of homosexual former internees are known to be alive anywhere in the world.
I, Pierre Seel, Deported Homosexual, is one of only two book-length memoirs by homosexual survivors of Nazi persecution. (The other is The Men With the Pink Triangle, in which journalist Hans Neumann writing under the pseudonym Heinz Heger tells the story of Austrian survivor Josef Kohout).
Mr. Seel's book remains a vital primary source for all those interested in understanding the history of the darkest period of the 20th century. For further testimony from Pierre Seel, see his appearance in the documentary film Paragraph 175 (Telling Pictures, 2000).
Gerard Koskovich
Member, Board of Directors
Mémorial de la Déportation Homosexuelle (Paris)