In modern society, there is little correlation between the frequency of a serious risk and public concern about that risk. One-in-a-million risks such as abductions of children by strangers dramatically affect public behaviour, while people do far less to prevent equally lethal but far more common dangers such as car crashes and obesity. Why?
This book traces our misguided attitude towards risk to the dawn of humanity. To survive, a wild ape-man must worry first and foremost about the constant threat from predators. So people are predisposed to worry about sudden, violent, one-on-one disaster - a strategy that makes sense in a primitive world, where there is no way of learning about diseases or learning that some disasters are more common than others.
Our natural fear of disaster has spun out of control because of our saturation in television and similar media that relentlessly publicize disasters- especially the type of disasters that are easy to "put a human face on" (e.g. "stranger danger" stories involving an attractive victim and a perverted villian, or even the rare air crash).
So what? What's wrong with a little disproportionate fear of airline crashes or murderous madmen? Cairns argues that public ignorance of risks is harmful in two ways. First, if we focus on the wrong risks we may make life more rather than less dangerous. For example, if we drive Junior everywhere because we think the world is too dangerous to walk anywhere, we increase his risk of being killed in a car accident, as well as his risk of physical problems from lack of exercise. Second, the precautions we take in the name of safety don't always work. Cairns suggests, for example, that bicycle helmets may actually make biking more dangerous, because bikers behave more recklessly when wearing them, and drivers behave more recklessly around bikers with helmets.
Although Cairns' basic argument rings true, his book needs a bit more factual backup to be fully persuasive: more footnotes, more statistics, more thought about counterarguments (e.g. "Why does Junior need to play outside if he is in soccer league?"). This is a good book that could have been a great one.