Joseph Nye's timely and informative analysis addresses all the questions one may have asked about the ambiguous term Smart Power and contrasts the various forms of power, whether it is economic power, hard power, or soft power.
Smart Power refers to a combination of all the above, with the addition that each is used prudently. In the wake of the 2003 Iraq War, the 2008 Global Recession, and the ubiquitous speculation of so called American decline, Nye presents an analysis of the US strengths and failures, and the policy recommendations for the way forward.
Unlike many contemporaries, Nye is careful not to exaggerate the rise of China, taking a broader analysis into the reality that the current rate of Chinese economic growth cannot last indefinitely due to China's internal contradictions and demographics, and that the US is unlikely to be surpassed any time soon as the world's hegemon. Rather, Nye, much like Fareed Zakaria, constructs the emergence of a multipolar world, and although with the US likely to remain at the top for sometime, Nye believes that regardless of the leadership in Washington DC, a more multilateral approach to world affairs will come about.
This is much a book about the present and the forms of power as it is a divination project into the future of power. Nye explains the limits of economic power, such as the ineffectiveness of sanctions, the limited power of economic weapons as powerful as oil, and how the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo could not have lasted much longer, due to Arab dependence on Western Markets, and US Security Guarantees.
Soft Power is an altogether different concept, relying on the cultural and ideological attractiveness of a nation and its behaviour. This takes many forms, ranging from the attractiveness of a country to foreign students, the popularity of its cultural exports, or the reception of its hosting of major events, such as the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Nye cautions that the imprudent use of hard power, such as the 2003 Iraq War, and incidents such as Abu Ghraib and the ongoing prison at Guantanamo Bay have been detrimental to American soft power, and has had an adverse affect on the psychological dimension of warfare, serving as a means of terrorist recruitment.
To students of political science and international relations, Joseph Nye is a familiar name, and this latest volume is a welcome addition to the reading lists of political and current affairs enthusiasts, both old and new. Nye's book is a much needed update to international relations theory that is essential reading, regardless of however acquainted one is with the global system.