I would probably have given this five stars because the graphic novel itself is really interesting - storytelling without using text to anchor and relay the meaning of the images (except for a few signs, graffiti marks, and background detail) is fascinating - but when I first opened it the cover instantly fell off and I had to glue it back on myself! Not what you expect when you have paid a reasonable price for a mint condition copy. That aside, the theme of visual language and the idea of how words and meaning became separated after the Fall of Man is explored both through the form of the novel and its subject matter. Although I can't say I have immediately understood the work in full it reveals more detail and interest with each re-read and covers similar subject matter to Paul Auster's 'City of Glass' (adapted into a graphic novel by Paul Karasik and David Mazzucchelli). The more profound aspects of this work open it out to all sorts of convoluted and academic interpretations. The hieroglyphics on the subway walls must surely be references to the Rosetta Stone (the decoding of sacred symbols), just as the cave paintings point towards an era prior to verbal language, and both of these contrast with the degraded symbols or empty language used in the advertising, graffiti, and street signs that alienate the protagonist as he navigates the modern city. At the risk of sounding pretentious, I suspect that to get the very best out of this graphic novel you need to be open to at least pondering some of the profundities of life, as a more literal approach might lead to frustration or disappointment with the story, but it is the ambiguities of this work - the apparent gaps of meaning or areas open to interpretation - that make it so challenging and praiseworthy as a graphic novel.