Once the most infamous of all slums areas in America, and perhaps worldwide, the Five Points area of lower Manhattan, was a festering cesspit of just about all things wicked, unspeakable, and an affront to any decent persons sensibilities. As a slum area it was in a class of its own - built immediately adjoining the site of the former Collect Pond, drained because it had an appalling pollution problem, (nowadays about halfway between Chinatown and the Financial District)- suffering terribly because of continuing contaminated seepage resulting in insect-ridden conditions from the poorly executed landfill of Collect Pond. As a consequence the upper class fled the area, property prices collapsed completely, leaving the district open to the influx of the very poorest of the newly arrived immigrants, which started in the early 1820's, and reached a torrent in the 1840's because of the Irish Potato Famine.
At "Five Points" height, only certain areas of London's East End came close to it for sheer population density, disease, infant and child mortality, unemployment, prostitution, violent crime and other classic ills of the urban destitute. Five Points is alleged to have sustained the highest murder rate of any slum in the world. The Old Brewery, an overcrowded tenement housing over 1000 poor, is said to have had at least one murder a night for 15 years before it was pulled down in 1852. Five Points was dominated by rival gangs like the Roach Guards, Dead Rabbits, and Bowery Boys, which inspired the highly successful film directed by Martin Scorsessi, "The Gangs Of New York". Whilst the film was largely based on Herbert Asbury's book of the same name as the film, Tyler Anbinder's book on Five Points is without doubt the definitive, most comprehensive and authoritative account of the area described by Charles Dickens in his "American Notes" as being characterized by "filth and wretchedness".
Although the authors assiduous research stretches this story to 500 pages, it is not heavy going or dull, but very interesting and highly readable, just like a really good adventure novel, featuring an assortment of fascinating, colourful and sadistic characters, and at the same time is one of the best 'Social Histories' of an area I have ever read and gives a useful insight into the onset of New York City's transition into the multi-cultural and vibrant megalopolis that it is today.