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The idea that the speed of light is a constant - at 186,000 miles per second - is one of the few scientific facts that almost everyone knows. That constant - c- also appears in the most famous of all scientific equations: e=mc2- Yet over the last few years, a small group of highly reputable young physicists have suggested that the central dogma of modern physics may not be an absolute truth - light may have moved faster in the earlier life of the universe, it may still be moving at different speeds elsewhere today.
In telling the story of this heresy, and its gradual journey towards acceptance, Joao Magueijo writes as one of the three central figures in the story, introducing the reader to modern cosmology, to the implications of VSL (variable speed of light) and to the world of physicists. The initial rejection of Magueijo's ideas is beginning to give way to a reluctant acceptance that the young men may have a point - only the next few years will tell the final fate of this 'dangerous' idea.
(20030513)
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The science itself is intriguing - he traces in a somewhat disjointed way the pattern of physics discoveries that led up to the solidification of the `law of physics' that nothing travels faster than the speed of light, and that the speed of light (the term `c' in Einstein's famous equation E=mc-squared) is constant across all frames of observational reference. This constancy was not Einstein's idea - it was a discovery twenty years prior by Americans Michelson and Morley; Einstein incorporated it into this Special Theory of Relativity in 1905, and the game was afoot for the developments of twentieth-century physics and astronomy.
Mageuijo discusses the development from these beginnings, as well as many of the problems and questions that were not solved from the beginning. The scientific exposition can become very complex - for example, Mageuijo's discussion of M-theory and Planck-sized strings (one-dimensional objects) and membranes (planar objects) `living in' eleven dimensions despite the four-dimensional space-time that we see becomes very difficult to follow. This book does not have much by way of equations (it is meant for a general audience rather than a scientifically elite audience), and mathematical structures do not always translate well into conversational English.
Perhaps the primary item of note in this text is Mageuijo's idea of the Varying Speed of Light (VSL). Mageuijo mentions early in the text that even Einstein had a paper published (in 1911, after the Special Theory of Relativity but prior to the General Theory of Relativity) on the varying speed of light, but that this idea was jettisoned - rightly so, Mageuijo states, as that particular theory was wrong, but it nonetheless demonstrated that the sanctity of the constancy of the speed of light has never been complete. Mageuijo discusses his VSL theory in some detail (albeit without the mathematics to back it up, a decided drawback for this text; however, one assumes that mathematically-trained scholars will be able to find some such material for analysis), including some objections (scientific and mathematical as opposed to personal/professional) and the attempts to get around the problems raised.
Overall, this is a fascinating book. It is rough around the edges (Mageuijo is a physicist, not a professor of English), but the ideas contained within are intriguing, and the story of the fight to get some recognition for a rogue idea (remember, please, that the idea that the earth and planets went around the Sun, rather than all the rest revolving around the earth, was once considered a rogue and radical idea, a threat to the stability not only of science but of society in general) meshed with the academic politics shows that no profession, however lofty and grand, is immune to the human foibles that beset us all.
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