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Earls of Paradise [Hardcover]

Adam Nicolson
4.5 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (2 customer reviews)

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Product details

  • Hardcover: 400 pages
  • Publisher: HarperPress (7 Jan 2008)
  • Language English
  • ISBN-10: 000724052X
  • ISBN-13: 978-0007240524
  • Product Dimensions: 23.6 x 15.6 x 3.4 cm
  • Average Customer Review: 4.5 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (2 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Bestsellers Rank: 319,011 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Product Description

Review

‘A brilliantly imaginative and beautifully written coup of scholarship…Nicolson has written well about the English landscape before, but here he surpasses himself…fascinating…absorbing.’ Observer

‘Nicolson is a terrific writer. The countryside scenery essential to his drama is described with transcendent sensitivity.’ Independent

‘A beautifully written and finely balanced book…above all, it is a sensual, even rapturous tribute to the beauties of the countryside and a disarmingly readable contribution to the history of ideas…Earls of Paradise is an elegant, thoughtful, imaginative book…Nicolson's carefully crafted prose never strikes a false note. With its love of natural beauty, its affection for small communities, its trust in the past and its customs, his book will give abiding pleasure.’ Sunday Times

‘An elegantly written and intellectually adventurous lament for an England that has long since disappeared…as a past winner of the British Topography Prize, Nicolson might have been expected to write well about the Wiltshire countryside, but he surpasses all expectations here. His opening description of the rippling downs and shadowed woods around Wilton…is a miniature masterpiece…and since Nicolson's touch is just as sure with people as it is with places, we get a wonderful sense of everyday rural life in early modern England.’ Evening Standard

‘Immensely readable.’ Daily Telegraph

‘Fascinating…a rich, informative and original book…it weaves its three themes together in a deft and beguiling way.’ Sunday Telegraph

‘A superb book, beautifully written, subtle, passionate, questioning, mind-altering and wise.’ Daily Mail

‘Absorbing…Nicolson recreates, with admirable vigour and a sure control of complicated details a country in crisis…his wonderful, lyrical and contemplative book.’ Guardian

‘Brilliant *****’ Mail on Sunday

‘Nicolson does a brilliant job of showing us English rural society in the last throws of feudalism’
Guardian Summer Reading

‘There is much to savour in his keenly felt and delicately phrased descriptions of landscape and agricultural activity.’
Spectator

Praise for ‘Men of Honour’:

‘His descriptions of the battle itself, and of the personalities of those who engaged in it, are seamanlike, assured and informative’ Independent

‘The story of the battle has been told before, but rarely with the literary aplomb and almost cinematic realism that are to be found in Adam Nicolson's new book.’ Sunday Telegraph

'Argued with vigour and written with grace, this is an illuminating piece of interpretive cultural history.' Sunday Times

‘Vividly clear…Vibrant…Compelling.’ Observer

‘Nicolson does not aim (to give)a blow-by-blow account of the battle. Instead he takes a philosophical and literary approach…In this he succeeds exceptionally well.’ Independent on Sunday

‘Sparkling … Adam Nicolson's account of Trafalgar is majestic, poetic and, at base, authentic.’ Literary Review

‘Of the hundreds of books written about Nelson and Trafalgar over the past two centuries, perhaps a dozen will be worth re-reading at the tercentenary. This is one of them' Spectator

‘Of the many books marking the bicentenary of the Battle of Trafalgar, Adam Nicolson's can claim to be one of the most original' The Week

'Strikingly original … Mr. Nicolson brings to life superbly the horror, devastation and gore of Trafalgar' Economist

'As the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar approaches, a tsunami of Nelson books can be expected, but few will be more thought-provoking than this one … Mr. Nicolson brilliantly characterises each navy – British, French, Spanish – as an expression of the countries to which they belonged. The picture is vivid' Country Life

Praise for Adam Nicolson and his books:

'Nicolson writes so well, with such modesty and deep feeling, that the book fairly sings in your hands.' Daily Telegraph

'Exceptionally well done, beautifully written, personal yet panoramic' Observer

'An extraordinarily outward-looking book… a truly passionate attention to detail…. A love-letter no one else could hope to write so well.' Sunday Telegraph

'A passionate evocation, a compression of observation and anecdote which catches you up in its intelligence as well as its enthusiasm, and fill you with homesickness for a place you've never been to.' Daily Telegraph

'Generous, exuberant and a vividly written narrative…. history, travel-writing and memoir of the best sort.' Spectator

'Sharply observed, a finely written work, one to be savoured, turned over and over like a good whisky.'
Sunday Times

Product Description

A fascinating portrait from award-winning author, Adam Nicolson, of a family, a portrait, and a quarrel with a king that would tear that family apart.

'Et in Arcadia Ego–I too am in Arcadia'
Was our country once a better place? Has modernisation destroyed as much as it has improved? And can we see in an earlier Britain a way of living, an Arcadia, which now seems both ideal and remote?
In the Arcadian vision, tomorrow would always be the same as yesterday. This dream became ever more alluring as the changes of an approaching modernity-the growing power of the state; the disruption of the traditional bonds of society; the breaking of communities; the marginalisation of the great families who had once balanced the power of the crown–accelerated through 16th–and 17th–century England.
It was the clash of a new mercantile, individualist world with the increasingly defended, communal and chivalric ideals of the old. To tell this story from the 1520s to the 1640s, Adam Nicolson takes a single great family, the Earls of Pembroke, their wives, children, estates, tenants and allies, and follows their high and glamorous trajectory across three generations of change, nostalgia, ambition, resistance and war.
It is a rich and detailed evocation of England on the hinge of medieval and modern: its rivalries and ambitions, duties and rights, longings and compulsions. The Pembrokes straddled their world, politicking at court, while on their vast estates in Wiltshire maintaining the customs of the manor and setting up the hunting parks, great houses and sophisticated gardens which constituted their vision of perfection.
In this wide-ranging book Adam Nicolson explores a world in transition, moving from the intrigues, alliances and vendettas of the court to the intricate, everyday business of rural communities managing their affairs in times of stress. It was an England caught up in its first taste of modernity, yet divided over how to react to it, split between the old and the new, the moment at which the world we have lost turned into the world it has now become.


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Customer Reviews

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Most Helpful Customer Reviews
9 of 10 people found the following review helpful
Excellent read 26 April 2009
By Potterywhizz VINE™ VOICE
The book follows the fortunes of the Pembroke family through the 1520s to the 1640s when civil war wrecked the aristocratic vision of Arcadia. And while the rich pursued their elitist view of beauty by surrounding their mansions with idyllic country estates, the poor suffered from the enclosures that only increased their struggle for survival. Only the most fortunate could afford or indeed enjoy Arcadia. The magical prose with which Adam Nicolson describes the English landscape in this memorable book draws vivid word pictures of the Elizabethan Golden Age
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2 of 2 people found the following review helpful
The Earls of the title are those of Pembroke, Adam Nicolson tracing their story from William Herbert, the first Earl (who married the sister of Katherine Parr, sixth wife of Henry VIII) through to the fifth, Philip Herbert, who died, more or less ruined, in 1669. Their paradise was centred a few miles to the west of Salisbury on the great estate of Wilton in the rolling Wiltshire Downs, where Philip Sidney, the epitome of Renaissance man, wrote his pastoral idyll Arcadia, and his sister, Mary, Countess of Pembroke and wife of the second Earl, reigned over a circle of artists, writers and musicians, all dedicated to creating a heaven on earth, in which artifice would improve upon nature, happy shepherds would frolic in bosky groves, and the social order - everyone in his rightful place and mutually dependent - would reflect the harmony of the spheres. It was a dream rudely shattered by the English Civil War.

The success of the first Earl in building up the fortunes of his family owed something to his ability to bend with the wind of change. Described by Nicolson as a `Welsh hardman' and `a bear with pretensions', William Herbert was fortunate in believing `in the religion which the king or queen of the day required him to believe in'. But by the time of the fifth Earl, a Royalist in his heart but a Parliamentarian in his head, such vacillation was no longer counted as virtue.

The Arcadian ideal espoused by the Pembrokes in their heyday also depended on the ability to ignore any inconvenient reality which might obscure the dream, such as the living conditions of the villagers who provided the labour to beautify the landscape and satisfy the material needs of the big house. Nicolson restores the balance by giving at least as much attention to the lives of the lower classes in and around Wilton as to their lords, making rich use of contemporary court records and petitions.

He is not always inclined to stick rigidly to facts, however, making several bold conjectures during the course of his book. The first is to wonder whether, in the daughter of Dr Moffet, `the most famous spider expert in England' and a frequent visitor to Wilton, he has discovered the identity of Little Miss Muffet, who so famously sat on a tuffet. There is nothing apart from the name to back up this identification, but it makes a nice story.

A more contentious suggestion is that the young Will Herbert, born to Mary, Countess of Pembroke, and the second Earl in 1580, may have been the inspiration for the first 126 of Shakespeare's Sonnets. Will Herbert was of `exactly the right age', according to Nicolson, for `an early middle-aged Shakespeare' to have fallen in love with him in the late 1590s. Perhaps, he opines, the Countess had even commissioned the poet to write the first 17 sonnets as a deliberate encouragement to her (then 17-year-old) son to settle down and get married. Well, maybe.

But Shakespeare was certainly a presence at Wilton, and Nicolson's next conjecture is far more convincing. This concerns the staging of As You Like It at Wilton in December 1603, in the presence of King James. Nicolson interprets the event as an attempt by the Countess to persuade the King to spare Sir Walter Raleigh - who, according to court gossip, was once her lover - from the executioner's block. The King got the message and Sir Walter was conveyed to the Tower instead.

Though for the most part this book is immensely readable, at times the author is unnecessarily obscure. What, for instance, does it mean to describe the Wiltshire Downs as `a place that feels like its own middle, the deepest and richest of arrivals'? And he does write with something of an agenda, assuming that all his readers will agree that `the world of the Pembrokes was one which none of us could tolerate now', and that `modern ways' are always best.

He also gives no sign of recognising, or being interested in, the ways in which Arcadian ideals influenced later generations of artists, musicians and poets, including the 19th-century Romantics and 20th-century composers of the English pastoral tradition (sometimes disparagingly referred to as `cowpat music'). W. B. Yeats, lamenting a dead friend as `our Sidney and our perfect man', also comes to mind. But Nicolson chooses not to explore any of this, implying instead that the `dream of perfection' vanished, never to return, dispelled by a mixture of Oliver Cromwell and market forces.

[An edited version of this review first appeared in The Telegraph in January 2008.]
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Amazon.com:  1 review
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful
Earls of Arcadia 20 May 2010
By J C E Hitchcock - Published on Amazon.com
"Earls of Paradise" is a book which can be read on three different levels. On one level it is a family history of the Herbert family, Earls of Pembroke, from the 1520s to the 1640s. On another it is a social history of the ordinary people who lived on their extensive estates around Wilton in Wiltshire during those years. On a third it is an intellectual history of the concept of Arcadianism as it affected English society during that period.

As Adam Nicolson points out, the original Arcadia in ancient Greece was no "country for easy livers" but a hard, tough mountain country whose inhabitants were admired for their honesty and the simplicity of their way of life. In later ages, however, "Arcadia" came to mean an idyllic, pastoral landscape whose inhabitants led lives of indolent ease. For some reason it was shepherds rather than any other type of agricultural labourer who were thought to lead particularly carefree lives; the very word "pastoral" is derived from the Latin for "shepherd". (I have often wondered what real shepherds must have made of this particular conceit).

In the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the age when Purcell could sing of nymphs and shepherds, when Watteau could paint idealised bucolic landscapes and the Meissen factory could turn out all those porcelain shepherdesses, Arcadianism was to become a purely decorative style, but at a slightly earlier date it was also a political ideology. Arcadianism stood for the country against the city and the court, for conservatism, for hierarchy, for the preservation of a traditional way of life based upon feudalism and the "customs of the manor", against individualism, against the growth of mercantile capitalism and a market economy, and against the centralisation, under Elizabeth I, James I and above all Charles I, of power under the Crown.

Although there were, in countries like Italy and France, Catholic versions of Arcadianism, in an English context it also had religious overtones, being associated with a devout Protestantism. A key text of the movement was Sir Philip Sidney's "Arcadia", which was written at Wilton. Sidney, who after his death fighting in the Netherlands became something of a Protestant martyr, was the brother-in-law of the Second Earl of Pembroke, and the work was dedicated to his sister, the Countess.

The First Earl, William Herbert, was a Welsh-born adventurer and something of a ruffian who did Henry VIII's dirty work for him and in consequence was rewarded with an earldom and a country estate. The Second Earl, Henry, appears to have been something of a nonentity; Nicolson is more interested in his beautiful and gifted wife (like her brother a talented poet) and their two sons who both succeeded to the title in turn. Both the Third Earl, another William, and his younger brother, named Philip after his uncle, held high office at Court under James and Charles. William died in 1630, so it was Philip who at the outbreak of the Civil War had to decide whether he would side with his patron the King or with the Parliament with which he had more ideological sympathy. In the end he became a Parliamentarian, although a fairly moderate one.

Nicolson's thesis, in fact, is that the English Civil War was not a proto-socialist or even a proto-democratic revolution, but was caused by the reaction of the aristocracy and landed gentry to Charles I's attempts to subvert the existing order by increasing his own power at the expense of theirs. Parliamentarianism was therefore a reactionary, not a revolutionary, philosophy, and the Arcadian idea of the English countryside as a traditionalist haven from the corruptions of Court life was an important part of this philosophy. England, according to this ideology, was not so much a nation-state as a collection of self-governing manors, with the King bound to his magnates by mutual obligations similar to those which bound those magnates to their tenants. Philip Herbert, it should be noted, identified himself and his family as a part of the ancient aristocracy of England, even though his title was only around a century old and his grandfather had been a fine example of the sort of parvenu Court favourite which he himself despised. (George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, the favourite of both James and Charles, was a particular enemy of Herbert's).

Interwoven with the story of the Herberts is that of the common people of the villages. Nicolson shows that their lives were often hard and, by modern standards, far from idyllic. Arcadia was an aristocratic republic, not a democracy, and life there (as in most states) was generally far more enjoyable for the rich than for the poor. Yet there is a sense that the life of the common man of the Wiltshire downlands in the Tudor and Stuart periods, governed as it was by manorial custom and obligations to the wider community, was at least easier than it was to be for his Georgian descendents, who had the misfortune to live in a period when mutual feudal obligations had given way to a market economy in which money was everything. The result was that the rich grew richer and the poor poorer and the rural working class were transformed from self-sufficient peasants to landless labourers.

I would have two reservations about the book. The first is that Nicolson sometimes takes from granted matters which are far from being proven. He assumes, for example, that William Herbert, later to become the Third Earl, was the "fair youth" of Shakespeare's sonnets, and that these were inspired by the older poet's homosexual desire for the handsome young man. While Herbert is certainly one of the possible candidates, there are also several others, notably Henry Wriothesley Earl of Southampton, whose claims are not discussed here. The second is that the final chapter, dealing with developments post 1650, could have been a lot more detailed.

In general, however, I greatly enjoyed this book. The author's historical theses are stimulating and though-provoking, and he weaves together his three themes of family, social and intellectual history to produce a finely written whole. His prose is fluent and eminently readable and his beautifully written descriptions of the Wiltshire downland scenery have made me want to visit a part of England which I do not know well.
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