In Anthropology, the word "culture" still has a certain resonance, even if it has resonated a bit too much over the last century ! So, as an anthropologist with a very imperfect grasp of psychology and zero experience of practical research in it, I took up this book in order to widen my horizons. I thought I would discover a link between two fields that should be closer. After all, I shared Cole's feeling that the more or less artificial nineteenth century division of social and humane sciences has run its course. I hoped Cole would somehow connect studies in psychology to anthropological work that I knew, for example, the work of Robert I. Levy on Tahiti, and the works of Sudhir Kakar, Reynaldo Maduro, Morris Carstairs, and Stanley N. Kurtz on India. I did not find any reference to these or other such work. I could not find any real connection to current anthropology whatsover, though Cole summarizes old concerns and old conclusions very well. He also provides a very insightful chapter on the evolution of thought, language and culture via studies of primates. So, while, I found interesting material, I couldn't really connect it to cultural anthropology as we know it today in any strong sense. Much of the book concerns constructed laboratory experiments with school kids around the topic of cognitive development and the task of overcoming learning disabilities. While useful and relevant work to society, I could not link this with "culture" in any real sense, because what the experiments tended to do was try to escape the participants' normative culture and build instead an entirely artificial, controllable, measurable culture. Cole says at one point (p.176) that some researchers assume that "when one abstracts activities from their cultural context there is a meaningful sense in which they can be considered the same activity." It seems to me he then questions the validity of this, but in my view he could not escape making that assumption in his own work after all. I admit that these so-called "shortcomings" are the result of my personal approach to the book, not really those of the author. Methodological concerns may divide Anthropology and Psychology as much as anything, as Cole himself says. Still, CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY deals almost purely with the concerns of psychology, much less with culture or history.
Cole is concerned about the directions his field has taken. He wants to bring culture to a more central role in Psychology and designates his wide study "Cultural Psychology" to emphasize this. In order to back up his argument, he reviews a tremendous amount of literature on many topics. This would be very useful for anyone with an interest in this general area. He brings in the work of Russian psychologists whom, I suspect, are little known in the West. But, strangely, though he says he's using their work as a principal building block of his new Psychology, he criticizes a lot of their assumptions. I could not isolate their main contribution to his argument, other than to say that they considered culture and history important parts of the cognitive development of every human. In short, CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY is an attempt to establish a branch discipline of psychology and become a textbook for that discipline. It is not easy reading, but written with honesty and wide-ranging research. I will leave it to others, more qualified than I, to say whether it succeeds or not, but it certainly provoked a lot of thought in the brain of an anthropologist. That's never bad.