Catching their British guards unawares and also under the very noses of certain crew members who would have spoiled his plans, on 21 June 1919, Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter successfully scuttled the entire German High Seas Fleet in Scapa Flow. With German skeleton crews on each vessel, that fleet had been interned at the end of WW1 in the only anchorage large enough to accommodate so many ships. Whilst the fate of each vessel was yet to be decided by the victorious Allies, the Royal Navy fully expected to add many of those ships to its own fleet. Von Reuter was determined to see this never happened.
Some of those ships sank in deep water, some in shallow depths and a few were run aground in a futile bid to save them. Up to that time, nobody, anywhere in the world, had attempted to salvage such large ships from below the surface. The British Admiralty, therefore, confidently stated that none of the sunken ships would ever see daylight again. How wrong they were! Ernest Cox was a simple businessman who understood nothing whatsoever about salvage. He did, however, see an opportunity and applied common sense to whatever problems he encountered. Many of his techniques are still used today...
Having personally been instrumental in getting the wrecks of Scapa Flow protected by Scottish law (effective from 23 May 2001), I have a personal interest in the High Seas Fleet and its history. The pioneering work of Ernest Cox is a significant part of that history and this work is as good as they come. On top of that, author Tony Booth has provided a really outstanding account. This book is so readable I cannot imagine anyone putting it down before they reach the end.
There are 29 historic photos and two contemporary charts reproduced together between pages 80 and 81. Perhaps more interestingly for some, are the simple drawings of how ships were righted and lifted from great depths - in complete defiance of all the available `expert' opinion of the day. It is a fascinating story.
As if to suggest `some things never change,' Tony Booth also provides a descriptive and compelling account of the loss of HM Submarine Thetis in 1939. In spite of Cox's success with lifting some of the largest-ever battleships from much greater depths, his team were only consulted once it was too late to save those submariners from the horrid death all but a few, were to face. With her forward compartments flooded, the submarine sank in a depth of 160 feet. Being, however, 275 foot long, the Thetis was able to adjust her ballast so that part of her stern was above water - thus revealing her precise location to her rescuers. Using the David escape apparatus, a small number of her crew were able to escape and fully appraise those would-be rescuers of the situation on board. And, of course, the Admiralty was confident it knew what needed to be done.
Compared to the massive warships of Scapa Flow, the Thetis would have been well within Cox's team's abilities but the Admiralty knew best and the majority of her crew perished.
I really cannot recommend this book highly enough for those with an interest in the overall subject.
NM