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The Core Executive in Britain (Understanding Governance)
 
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The Core Executive in Britain (Understanding Governance) [Paperback]

Martin J. Smith
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Product details

  • Paperback: 304 pages
  • Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan (20 Jan 1999)
  • Language English
  • ISBN-10: 0333605160
  • ISBN-13: 978-0333605165
  • Product Dimensions: 21.2 x 14.2 x 2 cm
  • Average Customer Review: 4.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (1 customer review)
  • Amazon Bestsellers Rank: 530,606 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
  • See Complete Table of Contents

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Martin J. Smith
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Review

'Smith takes the present-day analysis of the British executive out of the academic journals and makes it accessible to a larger audience for the first time. I expect the book to change the way in which we discuss the power of the British executive. Gone forever are the hoary old clichés of prime ministerial power, replaced by a recognition that power is everywhere and understood through the language of dependence, networks, governance and choice.' - R.A.W. Rhodes

Product Description

The study of central government has been dominated by the recurring questions of Prime Ministerial versus Cabinet government and civil service versus ministerial power. Using the idea of 'power dependence' this book challenges these simplicities to provide a definitive assessment of - and introduction to - power and policy at the core of British political life. It undermines traditional approaches by demonstrating that power in the core executive is complex, and flows between actors and institutions. The Prime Minister can only exercise power with the support of the Cabinet, and ministers and officials are often partners rather than competitors.

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Format:Paperback
In The Core Executive in Britain Martin J Smith distances himself from what he views as unhelpful questions regarding the British Government, such as whether or not Prime Ministerial power has replaced cabinet government. Dismissing the Westminster model as flawed in its assumption of parliamentary sovereignty, the book argues that decision making occurs primarily within the executive. The book presents a picture of a system of government where a number of actors have resources, but where no one actor has sufficient resources to achieve his goals independently, therefore all actors must be interdependent and government works through alliance rather than command. In order to explain the operation of the core executive the author examines the structures of dependence within the executive: the relationships between the Prime Minister and the Cabinet and between Ministers and Civil Servants and explains how their resources are shared, and how their level of dependence varies with their context. The author then seeks to explain the internal and external structures that coordinate the Core Executive.

In the first two chapters of the book the author explains in a verbose manner his general theories without providing any example of how they could be applied. His failure to contextualise makes the first chapters of the book abstract and difficult to comprehend. The ideas behind his argument become more clear from the fourth chapter when he begins to apply them to the Conservative Governments of 1979-97 and the present Labour government. The presence of some examples or case studies in the first chapters would improve the readability enormously.

Later in the book the author generously contextualises his arguments and regularly provides the reader with examples from the the Thatcher, Blair, Major and Callaghan Governments. The author uses Margaret Thatcher's resignation to illustrate his theory of interdependence: he argues that Thatcher failed to realise 'that the exercise of power depended, not on destroying colleagues, but on maintaining their support'. This is particularly valuable since Thatcher's style of government is often used in arguments that the British government is becoming presidentialised.

One weakness in the argument of the book involves Smith's perception of the level of dependency of the Prime Minister. For the most part the book argues that the Prime Minister is simply another dependent actor (albeit a relatively resource rich actor) and early in the book it states 'the starting point is that all actors within the core executive have resources, with no actor, or institution, having a monopoly'. However, the author contradicts this when says that the balance of resources changed 'with the Prime Minister taking on more of a leading role and having the resources to overrule ministers'. In order to have enough resources to overrule another actor surely the Prime Minister would have to secure a virtual monopoly of resources? Even though he would remain dependent on actors to an extent the fact that he can stop other actors from achieving their goals devalues the argument that Government works through alliance and not command.

Despite this contradiction The Core Executive in Britain provides a comprehensive introduction to the processes and agents at the centre of British government. While the book suffers from dry introductory chapters it improves later with its engaging examples of how the author's theory of interdependence and resource sharing applies to contemporary British politics.

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