As I write the English composer Matthew Arnold has been dead only a few weeks. He has been described as writing chamber music for orchestra. The same can be said of Aaron Copland. There is a simplicity and incisiveness to his orchestration, and the impression that he was happiest with smaller forces. He sounds most at home in works like the original score of Appalachian Spring for 13 instruments and the 10 minute long Quiet City for clarinet, trumpet, saxophone and piano. Certainly there is a rare beauty to his slow passages where just a few instruments interweave.
Both works here find Copland in similar musical territory to that of his best known work Appalachian Spring. Passages of slow slanting strings are interrupted by explosions of orchestral birdsong, which are quickly hushed to make way for that exquisite interweaving of a few wind instruments which are soon joined by the characteristic strings.
For music composed 60 years ago this sounds surprisingly contemporary. The simplicity of the slow string passages is not so far from that of the `holy minimalism' of Arvo Part, and when the music speeds up it is easy to see how much the likes of John Adams, and other `post minimalists' have taken from its pulsing energy. He also managed to achieve, and made sound natural and effortless, a style that is popular and folk inspired without the folk music of any particular country being recalled. This is music ideal to expressing the coming together of the people of many nations which is the essence of the USA.
Symphony No 3 centres around his 3 minute `Fanfare for the Common Man', which only appears at the start of last movement, much as the hymn tune `simple gifts', now better known as `Lord of the dance' only appears about two thirds of the way through Appalachian Spring. But in both cases everything has been leading up to the moment that the main theme is revealed. In fact the last movement of the symphony is developed along the lines of a conventional first movement. This also appears to be characteristic of Copland. His music is often about building up to the main theme as much as it is about stating and developing it. Here he does both, with three movements of preparation followed by one of development.
The music of the Billy the Kid Suite, from the Ballet of the same name, is not so different. There may be snatches of classic `western music', but they are not taken up for long before they are transmuted into elements of Copland's overall style.
These are enjoyable performances with good sound. It is obvious that we are not listening to one of the world's major orchestras, what they lack in richness of tone, and overall sheen, they make up for with a lovely sense of detail, essential to playing Copland's music.