Matthew Gandy's CONCRETE AND CLAY is a sweeping history of the different ways in which nature has been reworked in New York City. It includes an historical account of the ways in which the current water system was put in place. It also offers an in-depth discussion of the Olmstedian ideology of nature and space, a useful way for framing the ways in which construction and land use has functioned in NYC over time. In addition to these important historical insights, the book also offers a glimpse into early forms of local organizing in what would later take the distinct shape of the environmental justice movement in the history of the Young Lords. But because the book is specifically about NYC, Gandy focuses his attention on the Lords' movement in the city, while only offering a nod to the successful organizing campaigns that took place in cities like Chicago. This history of Young Lords activism against environmental neglect is often left out of mainstream historical accounts. Gandy situates it center stage and thus honors the impact the initial sanitation movement had for not just the Puerto Rican population, but for the city at large. This book is a must read for anyone interested in a different type of history of New York City, one taken from a perspective that challenges more common ideas about urbanity transcending nature.