Bees collect propolis to, amongst other things, keep their hives free from infection and inhibit bacterial growth. For humans it is noted to be beneficial in treating many minor ailments including inflammations, viral diseases, ulcers, superficial burns or scalds. There is research evidence that propolis, used regularly, may actively protect against dental caries and other forms of oral disease, due to its antimicrobial properties. Propolis also has antioxidant properties and its use in inhibiting tumorigenesis is being investigated.
Because of the nature of it's source, propolis contains tree resin, essential oils, waxes and flavonoids. It also contains pollen, typically about 5% and anyone sensitive to bees or bee products should be wary of allergic reaction.
I have been using, and recommending, propolis for many years to sooth, even cure, toothache (using a cotton bud to dab directly onto and around the source of pain), sore throats (as a gargle) and it does seem to staunch minor bleeding from cuts and grazes whilst also helping to prevent infection.
The ingredients of this particular product are listed as: High Potency Propolis 50% and M.P.G. Mono Propylene Glycol. It is very dark brown, almost black, in appearance and slightly tacky to the touch. Bee Health guarantee the bioflavonoids present in their product are naturally occurring flavonoids, with no synthetic substances added.