In our own times, when art is often accorded merit on the basis of its originality, it is difficult to imagine a time when artists-and writers-regularly consulted a book of iconography before starting work. This Iconologia is such a work. It was originally compiled by the Italian Cesare Ripa in the late sixteenth century and consisted of text but, strangely, no images. This book is almost a reversal of that-there are 200 prints by Johann Georg Hertel ( who worked in Augsburg in the eighteenth century) and only a basic text.
The prints are magnificent, highly-detailed depictions of vices, virtues, characters and emotions.You notice a new detail every time you look at an image. Ripa-and Hertel-drew heavily on Classical sources, also on medieval sources such as illuminated bibles, bestiaries and the like.
If you are looking at anything-art, architecture, sculpture-dating from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, this book is a must to understanding the complex and fascinating symbolism. The book is well-produced by the excellent Dover Publications ; it is also very reasonably priced.