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Marcus Manilius, who lived in the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius, is the author of the earliest treatise on astrology we possess. His "Astronomica, " a Latin didactic poem in five books, begins with an account of celestial phenomena, and then proceeds to treat of the signs of the zodiac and the twelve temples; there follow instructions for calculating the horoscoping degree, and details of chronocrators, decans, injurious degrees, zodiacal geography, paranatellonta, and other technical matters. Besides exhibiting great virtuosity in rendering mathematical tables and diagrams in verse form, the poet writes with some passion about his Stoic beliefs and shows much wit and humour in his character sketches of persons born under particular stars. Perhaps taking a lead from Virgil in his "Georgics, " Manilius abandons the proportions of his last book to narrate the story of Perseus and Andromeda at considerable length.
In spite of its undoubted elegance, the "Astronomica" is a difficult work, and this edition provides in addition to the first English prose translation a full guide to the poem, with copious explanatory notes and illustrative figures.
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The translation of the text is excellent, G.P. Goold, being a distinguished classical scholar. Accompanying the translation is a detailed introduction that examines various aspects of the poem; its date of composition, its sources, the astrological procedures used and its history.
This is a text intended for scholars or for those with a serious interest in history. Those looking for astrological guidance would do well to look elsewhere as the poem is a poor astrological guide.
The book begins with an introduction, explaining the basic of astronomy and providing some historical background to astrology. This is followed by a series of astrological procedures. Each of these contradicts each other and none are given in their entirety. It is an astrological smorgasbord rather than a `how to' guidebook. Against this background the poet explains the importance of the philosophy of stoicism.
The background to the original book is as follows. It was composed in the last years of the first Roman emperor, Augustus, and completed in the reign of his successor, Tiberius. It discusses the stoic form of astrology that subordinates all aspects of life to fate. Every action of everyone and everything is entirely controlled by fate. The only solace the poem offers is that via astrology we can learn our fate and thus brace ourselves for the bad and look forward to the good. Near the end of the book we are also told that we (humans) are divine or at least share some link with the stoic god and that some form of divine destiny awaits us.
Possibly the book was intended as some form of political statement. The emperor Tiberius was an ardent astrologer who devoted much time to the calculation of horoscopes of prominent men to determine if they were potential rivals. If they were they then met a fatal destiny. Tiberius was also responsible for expelling astrologers from Rome, no doubt to keep a monopoly for himself. This suggests that Manilius had some imperial support for his work.
Nothing of Manilius is known apart from his sole work. We can only conjecture that he was wealthy enough to have the time to devote himself to the work and had an abiding interest in the field of astrology.
I would recommend this without reservation to those interested in the classics.
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