- Paperback: 288 pages
- Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing (4 Dec 2009)
- Language English
- ISBN-10: 3838308298
- ISBN-13: 978-3838308296
- Product Dimensions: 21.8 x 14.6 x 2.4 cm
- Amazon Bestsellers Rank: 2,829,165 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
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Product Description
Product Description
Height from GPS is height above the WGS 1984 ellipsoid earth model. Orthometric height is often realised as height above sea level. Knowing separation between height systems is essential for using GPS for precise measurements of orthometric height. Separation may be found by Astrogeodetic Levelling. Astronomic position is found by Position Line observations to stars and geodetic position by GPS. The difference between them, deviation of the vertical, is also the rate of change of separation. In this book a least squares approach to Position Lines is developed with modelling for refraction, vertical collimation and their rates of change. There is new theory to account for the effect of lunar gravitation and barycentric centrifugal force on deviation of the vertical. A simple method to determine the topographic-isostatic effect using wedges is developed. This practical process can be used where precise height is required from GPS, such as in large engineering projects where a precise relative local geoid model is required for a limited area. This book will interest surveyors and engineers who work on major projects where precision of height is essential.
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