First published in 1943, at the height of the Second World War, this is the second volume in 'The Oxford History of England': its author could well have been forgiven if he had taken a less than sanguine view of a process of invasion and settlement by marauding Germanic tribes.
Now in its third edition (published in 1971, three years after Stenton's death), this volume updates the archaeological evidence and analysis. It's a book which still remains an essential reference work for scholars of the period, but it is showing its age and should be used as a learned, but not definitive exploration of the Anglo-Saxon world.
Much of the era, from the departure of the Romans to the arrival of the Normans, is sparse in terms of literary sources or documentary evidence. What written accounts remain are highly partisan.
Stenton survey s the emergence of the Anglo-Saxon, Anglian, and Jute kingdoms and their role in transforming the political landscape of the southern half of the island. He considers the growth of towns and the continuities and discontinuities between Anglo-Saxon and Romano-British worlds.
This is a land being invaded not just by Germanic tribes, but also by the new Christian religion. The warriors fight to establish their fiefdoms, but so too do the churchmen and missionaries - this is a world of sudden death by either sword or schism.
Stenton evades any romantic notion of the triumph of the Anglo-Saxons - he makes clear that this is a world still subject to further invasion. The Vikings come. So too do the Normans. Remember, as Stenton is writing his original work, the Luftwaffe is a daily reminder of how narrow a strip of water keeps the island of Britain from invasion and conquest.
This is an epic piece of scholarship, a classic work. It deals with the turmoil and uncertainty of change - often rapid and bloody, usually slow and almost imperceptible. It is change with few documentary sources or wholly reliable bodies of evidence. By and large Stenton writes for an academic rather than a lay audience. His narrative is highly readable in places, but in others becomes dense with jargon and academic language and allusion. For the casual reader, this is a curate's egg of a volume and it would be better to seek out some of the more accessible accounts of the Anglo-Saxons. For the academic or scholarly reader, Stenton remains a major resource, even if his writings have long lost their freshness. Stenton is a milestone in the writing of history of the period, a work which still has to be consulted, a work which still confers benefits, but a work, nevertheless, of a bygone era.