In the United States nowadays mention the word slavery and most people would think of captive African blacks slaving away brutishly and the Civil War that was fought, for among other reasons, to free them.
Anyone versed in history will know that every great civilization, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Chinese and others were built on slavery. It was the cornerstone. Caesar conquered Gaul to steal accumulated wealth and enslave thousands to guarantee the fortune he needed to succeed in politics.
This book, brilliantly written, covers slavery from the Middle Ages to the end of the Second World War. He could have brought the story of slavery up to the present time for slavery still exists in some regions of the world. Perhaps in his next book.
Meanwhile we have this gem. The historical breath is striking, examples fly off the pages and one is transported to worlds many do not know existed. The history is horrid, the prospect of repetition, a possible reality, is frightening.
Examples abound in history. In the late 1600s thousands of Englishmen were captured on the high seas and sold as slaves by Muslims in North Africa. They joined other captured souls from France, the American colonies, Ireland, Spain, and Scotland. In Africa they joined hapless citizens from Iceland, Russia, Eastern Europe and Italy. They had invariably been "secured" by Italian slave merchants who sold them to both Christians and Muslims.They were a commodity.
The numbers were not insignificant. From 1600 to 1750 there were over 20,000 British and Irish citizens enslaved in North Africa. Some were lucky to be ransomed; most weren't. Their existence was brutish.
Drescher's book concentrates on slavery in the Americas. He points out the vast riches made by African slave traders as well by many European countries on the slave trade and investments in the plantation systems in the Caribbean.
He also explores the theory that slavery was not productive and would have slowly died out. That wasn't true at all but the legend lingers. He reports on the role of the abolitionists, especially in England and the Northern United States. Vastly out numbered they forced both couintries to change their evil ways.
Drescher's study points out that although the evil of slavery can be crushed and eliminated, it has tended to spring up again under a different guise. In the 20th century slavery flourished in Russia's Gulag and in Hitler's forced labor camps and in Asian concentration camps. Today there is an international sex trade exploiting hapless women and children.
An excellent spine tingling book.
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Dr. Mellander was a university administrator for 15 years and a college president for 20.